（一） 生字查找
Diversity(差異) in Collection Development:
An Interpretation(解釋) of the Library Bill of Rights
Collection development should reflect the philosophy(原理) inherent(內部、內在) in Article II of the Library Bill of Rights: “Libraries should provide materials and information presenting all points of view on current and historical issues(問題). Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval.” Library collections must represent the diversity of people and ideas in our society. There are many complex facets to any issue, and many contexts(上下文) in which issues may be expressed, discussed, or interpreted. Librarians have an obligation(義務) to select and support access to materials and resources on all subjects that meet(等於), as closely as possible, the needs, interests, and abilities of all persons in the community the library serves.
Librarians have a professional responsibility to be inclusive, not exclusive, in collection development and in the provision of interlibrary loan(貨款). Access to all materials and resources legally(法律上) obtainable(可獲得) should be assured to the user, and policies should not unjustly(不公道地) exclude materials and resources even if they are offensive(進攻) to the librarian or the user. This includes materials and resources that reflect a diversity of political(政治), economic, religious, social, minority(少數), and sexual issues. A balanced(平衡) collection reflects a diversity of materials and resources, not an equality of numbers.
Collection development responsibilities include selecting materials and resources in different formats produced by independent, small and local producers(生產商) as well as information resources from major producers and distributors(經銷商) Materials and resources should represent the languages commonly used in the library’s service community and should include formats that meet the needs of users with disabilities(傷殘). Collection development and the selection of materials and resources should be done according to professional standards and established(建立) selection and review procedures. Librarians may seek(尋求) to increase user awareness(了悟) of materials and resources on various social concerns by many means, including, but not limited to, issuing lists of resources, arranging(安排) exhibits, and presenting programs.
Over time, individuals(個體), groups, and entities have sought(尋找) to limit the diversity of library collections. They cite a variety of reasons that include prejudicial(造成偏見) language and ideas, political(政治) content, economic theory, social philosophies, religious beliefs, sexual content and expression, and other potentially(淺在地) controversial topics. Examples of such censorship(審查) may include removing or not selecting materials because they are considered by some as racist(種族主義者) or sexist(性別歧視); not purchasing conservative religious materials; not selecting resources about or by minorities(少數) because it is thought these groups or interests are not represented in a community; or not providing information or materials from or about non-mainstream political entities. Librarians have a professional responsibility to be fair(復原), just, and equitable and to give all library users equal protection in guarding against violation of the library patron’s right to read, view, or listen to materials and resources protected by the First Amendment(校正), no matter what the viewpoint(眼界) of the author, creator, or selector. Librarians have an obligation to protect library collections from removal of materials and resources based(基本的) on personal bias or prejudice(偏見).
Intellectual(智力) freedom, the essence of equitable library services, provides for free access to all expressions of ideas through which any and all sides of a question, cause, or movement may be explored. Toleration is meaningless without tolerance(容忍) for what some may consider detestable. Librarians must not permit their own preferences to limit their degree(程度) of tolerance in collection development.
沒有留言:
張貼留言